Defense Contractors Pay Little To No Corporate Income Tax While Earning Billionsy Pat Garofalo on Nov 7, 2011 at 11:50 am Last week, Citizens for Tax Justice released a report showing that 30 major corporations have paid no income taxes for the last three years, as they made $160 billion. CTJ looked at 280 companies in the Fortune 500, and found that “while the federal corporate tax code ostensibly requires big corporations to pay a 35 percent corporate income tax rate, on average, the 280 corporations in our study paid only about half that amount.” In fact, over the last three years, only two industries — retail and health care — paid an effective tax rate of 30 percent or more. And as the Hill noted today, one industry is doing very well when it comes to tax avoidance — defense contractors: American defense manufacturers pay an average annual tax rate of 17.5 percent, placing them in a class with some of the nation’s least-taxed sectors like information technology, telecommunications, financial services and energy, Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy concluded. [...] Boeing, which also makes commercial aircraft, came in with the lowest tax rate among defense firms at -1.8 percent; SAIC had the highest at 28.7 percent, according to the report. Boeing has been outspoken about its desire to see the corporate tax rate cut, even as it pays nothing in taxes. Prominent Republicans like House Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan (R-WI) have joined Boeing’s griping about corporate taxes, ignoring that the company doesn’t actually pay them. Defense contractors have made billions in profits this year, and “so far earnings by defense contractors have yet to see the effects of the end of fighting in Iraq, plans to draw down Afghanistan and expected cuts in defense spending.” Tags: Boeing Corporate Tax Taxes Previous in TP Economy Next in TP Economy By clicking and submitting a comment I acknowledge the ThinkProgress Privacy Policy and agree to the ThinkProgress Terms of Use. I understand that my comments are also being governed by Facebook's Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

 Pat Garofalo on Nov 7, 2011 at 11:50 am


Last week, Citizens for Tax Justice released a report showing that 30 major corporations have paid no income taxes for the last three years, as they made $160 billion. CTJ looked at 280 companies in the Fortune 500, and found that “while the federal corporate tax code ostensibly requires big corporations to pay a 35 percent corporate income tax rate, on average, the 280 corporations in our study paid only about half that amount.”
In fact, over the last three years, only two industries — retail and health care — paid an effective tax rate of 30 percent or more. And as the Hill noted today, one industry is doing very well when it comes to tax avoidance — defense contractors:

American defense manufacturers pay an average annual tax rate of 17.5 percent, placing them in a class with some of the nation’s least-taxed sectors like information technology, telecommunications, financial services and energy, Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy concluded. [...]
Boeing, which also makes commercial aircraft, came in with the lowest tax rate among defense firms at -1.8 percent; SAIC had the highest at 28.7 percent, according to the report.

Boeing has been outspoken about its desire to see the corporate tax rate cut, even as it pays nothing in taxes. Prominent Republicans like House Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan (R-WI) have joined Boeing’s griping about corporate taxes, ignoring that the company doesn’t actually pay them.
Defense contractors have made billions in profits this year, and “so far earnings by defense contractors have yet to see the effects of the end of fighting in Iraq, plans to draw down Afghanistan and expected cuts in defense spending.”

Why Not Corporate Patriotism for a Change?: Ralph Nader

By Ralph Nader, Chicago Tribune

22 July 11

If companies are given American rights, they should have loyalty to this country too.

 

he fireworks and celebrations that mark Independence Day are over. But the need for a national conversation on corporate patriotism has never been more timely.

For more than 125 years the courts have been awarding corporations most of the constitutional rights possessed by human beings. Corporations - as artificial entities - now almost have rights equal to "We the people," even though the words "corporation" and "company" are not mentioned in the Constitution.

Under the current 5-4 conservative majority in the US Supreme Court, "corporate personhood" is spreading. The Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission case allows unlimited independent corporate expenditures for or against any political candidates.

Since large corporations keep unleashing their corporate attorneys to push the domain of corporations as "persons," it is way overdue to judge them by the same yardsticks as we judge real persons.

US corporations, chartered (born) in the US, rising to great size and profits because of American workers, saved or succored repeatedly by taxpayer subsidies and bailouts in Washington and state capitals, and sometimes rescued by US Marines or protected by the US fleets when they are in trouble abroad, owe the American people and our country some measure of loyalty and duty.

Instead of extending patriotic gratitude, large US corporations increasingly are sending the opposite message. "We're outta here, with your jobs," their behavior says. Unfortunately, some CEOs appear to have no problem with dictatorial communist regimes like China or oligarchies like Mexico that know how to oppress impoverished workers. Workers in China cannot start independent unions or uniformly use independent courts to recognize their health, safety and economic rights.Products from foreign sweatshops are exported back to the US where abandoned factories and communities proliferate.

Corporations say they love their country, especially when it comes to manufacturing modern weapons systems for the Pentagon. So let's extend this love and see how they measure up patriotically.

Is it patriotic for drug companies to leave our country without any production facilities for ingredients used in penicillin and other key drugs because they have shipped production rapidly in the past decade to China and India which lack the inspection standards we have here? Leaving America defenseless and so dependent in this critical area is especially galling. Remember Big Pharma accepts billions in tax credits and valuable free research, development and clinical testing by the National Institutes of Health for many important pharmaceuticals.

Is it patriotic for CEOs to continue using public services and gobs of corporate welfare while they move their corporate headquarters to a small office in the Bahamas or other tax havens to escape paying their fair share to the Treasury? Such tax escapees burden ordinary taxpayers further.

Is it patriotic for CEOs to demand and use taxpayer dollars to facilitate moving abroad with their industries? The latest version of this lack of fealty istaking large federal subsidies for solar energy research and development and then moving the production facilities to China. Andrew Grove, former CEO of Intel, has written critically of this ominous, job-draining trend.

Is it patriotic for General Motors to be saved from bankruptcy by taxpayers and still keep billions in taxpayer-paid reserves and credits, yet lobby against the Obama administration's proposed overdue safety and fuel economy standards?

In 1996, I sent letters to the CEOs of the largest hundred US chartered corporations, urging them at their annual shareholders meeting, in the name of their corporation (not their boards of directors or officers) to pledge allegiance to the flag.

For example, the CEOs would stand up, and on behalf of General Motors, DuPont, Exxon Mobil, Pfizer or Bank of America, "pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all."

The many responses were instructive. Only Federated Department Stores thought it was a good idea. The other companies either said that they would take the suggestion under advisement or they misinterpreted my letter as asking for pledges by corporate officials and shareholders, no matter what their nationality. Ford Motor Co. flatly declared "the concept of corporate allegiance is not workable." In high dudgeon, O. George Everbach wrote back declaring "Kimberly-Clark believes that it has an inalienable right to choose when, where and how it wishes to display its patriotism."

Well at least Kimberly-Clark recognized the concept. Now it is time for American workers and taxpayers to say to corporate America that companies can't always have it both ways - to receive all the benefits of American corporate personhood and avoid all the expectations of patriotic behavior and the responsibilities that go along with those privileges and immunities.

This is not a left-right divide. For as Pat Buchanan has said, if these US corporations are not loyal to us, why should we be loyal to them?

---

Ralph Nader is a consumer advocate, lawyer and author. His most recent book - and first novel - is "Only the Super-Rich Can Save Us." His most recent work of non-fiction is "The Seventeen Traditions."

Chuck Schumer's Amazing Double-Somersault on the Repatriation Holiday

Senator Schumer Supported, then Opposed, and Now Supports, Amnesty for Corporate Tax Dodgers

In 2004, Senator Charles (Chuck) Schumer of New York voted in favor of the so-called American Jobs Creation Act, a bill full of so many tax breaks for special interests that one observercalled it a “bacchanalia of Caligulan proportions.” The bill, which many Democrats and Republicans supported, prompted one business lobbyist to confess to a reporter that the policy process had “risen to a new level of sleaze.” One of the most outrageous breaks in the bill was an amnesty for corporate tax dodgers, a measure called a “repatriation holiday” by its supporters.

A second “repatriation holiday” was proposed as “economic stimulus” in 2009, but Senator Schumer, like most Senators, voted against it because of data summarized by the Congressional Research Service showing that the 2004 measure did not create jobs. In fact, the research showed that the benefits went to enrich shareholders rather than to job creation.

Now Senator Schumer has switched positions again and is supporting a second repatriation holiday.

How the Repatriation Holiday Would Help Corporations

In theory, U.S. corporations pay U.S. income taxes on their profits no matter where they are generated. But they are allowed to “defer” (not pay) U.S. taxes on their offshore profits until they bring those profits back to the U.S. (until they “repatriate” the profits), which may never happen. (A separate provision ensures that these profits are not double-taxed if taxes are paid to the foreign government.)

A tax holiday for repatriated profits would allow them to bring these profits to the U.S. and pay no taxes, or pay a very low rate. (The 2004 measure taxed offshore profits repatriated during the holiday at a nominal rate of just 5.25 percent instead of the normal 35 percent corporate income tax rate.)

Another Repatriation Holiday Will Cost the U.S. $79 Billion in Tax Revenue

According to the non-partisan Joint Committee on Taxation, a repeat of the 2004 repatriation holiday would raise some revenue during the first few years, but then reduce revenue by a larger amount over the rest of the decade, resulting in a net loss of about $79 billion over ten years.

The analysis also shows that a repatriation holiday that is slightly less generous to corporations (one taxing repatriated offshore profits at 10.5 percent) would cost about $42 billion over ten years. 

Another Repatriation Holiday Will Cost the U.S. Jobs

One factor causing the $79 billion revenue loss is the way U.S. corporations will respond when Congress shows itself willing to enact a repatriation holiday more than once. Corporations will likely shift even more profits offshore in the long-run, because corporate leaders will think they can simply wait for Congress to enact the next repatriation holiday allowing them to bring those profits back to the U.S. tax-free or almost tax-free. This means more investment will be made overseas rather than here in the U.S.

Incredibly, the coalition of companies promoting the holiday argue that it will create jobs, even though the non-partisan Congressional Research Servicefound that the 2004 measure failed to create jobs and that the benefits went instead to corporate shareholders.

The Repatriation Holiday Is an Amnesty for Corporate Tax Dodgers

Corporations would not just shift real investments (real operations and jobs) overseas. They would also respond by increasing the amount of profits they shift to offshore tax havens through sham transactions that exist only on paper. In fact, the proposal would give the greatest benefits to the worst corporate actors, those who shift profits offshore to avoid U.S. taxes.

A U.S. company that is doing real business in another country typically will reinvest those offshore profits in factories, oil wells or other assets, making it difficult to bring those profits back to the U.S. But a company that is engaging in profit-shifting (disguising U.S. profits as “foreign” profits through transactions that exist only on paper) has likely merely shifted profits to a tax haven subsidiary that consists of little more than a post office box. It’s much easier to repatriate these offshore profits than the offshore profits from real business activities. 

Also, a U.S. corporation that is doing business in a typical foreign country is already paying some tax to the foreign government, which means they can already repatriate those profits to the U.S. without paying the full 35 percent U.S. corporate income tax rate. But a U.S. corporation that has shifted its profits to a tax haven is typically paying no taxes to the tax haven government, which means they would pay the full 35 percent U.S. rate if they repatriated those profits under current law. U.S. corporations shifting their profits to tax havens therefore stand to gain the most from a repatriation holiday.

Corporate Leaders Are Divided on the Repatriation Holiday

Some corporate leaders have banded together in an extremely well-funded campaign to promote a second repatriation holiday. But other corporate leaders have decided to lobby instead for an even bigger tax giveaway. A repatriation holiday is essentially a temporary tax exemption for corporations’ offshore profits. Some corporate leaders think they can obtain a permanent tax exemption for offshore profits — a territorial tax system, in other words — and they think that enactment of a repatriation holiday would distract from that goal.

The Republican chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, Dave Camp, agrees with the corporate leaders who prefer a territorial system (the bigger tax giveaway) to a repatriation holiday. But he has not ruled anything out.

Photo via Pro Publica Creative Commons Attribution License 2.0

Categories:

 

• Offshore Tax Abuses,
 
• Tax Avoidance, Tax Evasion, and Tax Enforcement,
 
• Tax Giveaways for Corporations

Dancing in Apple Retail Stores? This Time in Protest By Lisa Greim

There may be some dancing in the aisles next weekend at Apple retail stores around the country, but not because the consumer electronics powerhouse is launching a hot new product.

A group that seeks to draw attention to corporations that shelter profits overseas to cut their U.S. income tax burden is organizing protests for June 4 at Apple stores.

The group, US Uncut, says the so-called "Dance-Ins" at Apple stores are meant to grab the attention of 20-somethings who love Apple products but believe that all corporations should pay their fair share of taxes.

Apple and other tech companies, including Cisco, Adobe, Google, and Microsoft, support legislation that includes a proposed tax holiday.

The Freedom to Invest Act of 2011, H.R. 1834, would let corporations pay a 5.25 percent tax rate on money "repatriated" to the U.S. from foreign countries. The bipartisan bill, introduced May 11, proposes a temporary tax holiday for corporations who refuse to pay the 35 percent corporate tax rate.

Its proponents say that a similar measure passed in 2004 brought $312 billion in capital back to the United States through such companies as Oracle, Qualcomm, and Adobe. It generated more than $34 billion in tax revenue, according to a 2009 study.

But US Uncut, while noting that Apple does pay taxes, says it is disappointed in Apple's support for what the activist group believes amounts to corporate tax amnesty.

Protests are in the works in Chicago, Boston and San Francisco, among other cities.

Activists are being asked to wear royal-blue shirts and white badges to impersonate Apple store employees, playing anti-Apple videos on in-store computers and chanting slogans like "Love the iPhone, hate the tax cheat" and "Tax cheating. There's an app for that."

US Uncut's previous efforts to draw attention to tax dodging by American corporations has made headlines. It was involved in sending a fake press release to news organizations in April. The release purported to be from General Electric, and it said the company was returning a $3.2 billion tax refund to the U.S. government. GE, while acknowledging its U.S. tax bill for last year would be small, did not receive such a refund.

Apple didn't return an email seeking comment.

One Tax Break Later, Twitter Announces Plans To Move To Central Market SF Office

How bad is the culture of tax cheating - have a look !!

One Tax Break Later, Twitter Announces Plans To Move To Central Market SF Office

Jason Kincaid Apr 22, 2011

It’s finally official: Twitter has just announced on its blog that it will be moving to Market Square in SF’s Central Market neighborhood, just on the edge of the Tenderloin (one of the city’s most blighted areas). Twitter says it expects to move into the new office in mid-2012.

The announcement has been a long time coming: Twitter was engaged in much-publicized negotiations with San Francisco’s Board of Supervisors over a proposed tax break incentive that would give a six year payroll tax deferral for net new jobs (the city approved the agreement earlier this month). San Francisco typically requires businesses to pay unusual taxes on payroll (including stock options), causing Twitter, Zynga, and other tech companies to threaten to leave the city and take thousands of jobs with them. The tale is perhaps best illustrated by the goofy video below.
From the Twitter blog post:

We would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to Mayor Ed Lee; the San Francisco Board of Supervisors (in particular Supervisor Jane Kim and Supervisor David Chiu); Jennifer Matz and Amy Cohen from the city’s Office of Economic and Workforce Development; Charlie Malet from Shorenstein Properties; and, everyone who worked with them for their vision, effort and perseverance in spearheading legislation that will help revitalize an area of San Francisco where office space has sat vacant for decades.

We are proud that Twitter will be among the first companies moving into the Central Market area and will be playing a role in its renewal with the city and with other businesses, arts organizations, and the numerous community organizations that have been doing hard work in the neighborhood for many years.

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Twitter

Website:	twitter.com
Location:	San Francisco, California, United States
Founded:	March 21, 2006
Funding:	$360M

Twitter, founded by Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams in March 2006 (launched publicly in July 2006), is a social networking and micro-blogging… Learn More

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PayUpNow has new boycott, corporate tax info .. RAH!!

Pay Up Now is an online effort by US Uncut Chicago members to boycott corporations that pay little or no federal income tax.

Every effort has been made to provide truthful, documented information. Inaccuracies can be reported to contact@PayUpNow@gmail.com.  Use that email address to make suggestions or offer help.  Great going, Uncutters!  Magnificient work!!

Corporate Tax Compliance Rankings Summary

PayUpNow.org is evaluating the 10-Ks (financial summaries submitted by corporations to the SEC) and other documents to determine the tax avoidance levels of Fortune 500 companies, especially those familiar to American consumers. One of our objectives is to make recommendations to shoppers about purchase options that favor tax-responsible corporations. 

Evaluating 10-Ks is not an easy task. Variations , amendments, and financial jargon abound amidst the everpresent hint of accounting legerdemain. With due care we took revenues and pre-tax incomes for five years, and chose current federal tax payments to the exclusion of deferred and foreign and state taxes over the same period. We organized the results by industry in order to identify relative tax avoiders in specific consumer areas. 

Results in these industries stood out: 

-- Beverage: Coca Cola paid a much smaller percentage (6.5%) than Pepsi (13.6%). Both were significantly below the maximum statutory rate of 35%.

-- Computers: Hewlett-Packard (2.9%) and IBM (3.3%) both paid much less than the industry average of about 20%.

-- Finance: Citigroup, with revenues of almost $400 billion, claimed an overall 5-year loss and received a $5 billion refund. PNC and Wells Fargo both paid about 9%, much less than the other major banks.

-- Telecommunications: Verizon (8.8%) paid a much smaller percentage than AT&T (22.1%). The little guy, US Cellular, paid the most (almost 35%). 

In other industries, one or two companies stood out, above or below the pack: 

-- Cable TV: Dish Network (14.5%) and DirecTV (16.6%) paid less than Comcast (22.5%).

-- Petroleum: Exxon (3.6%) and Chevron (5.6%) paid much less than Marathon (12%), and much less than Phillips (17.1%).

-- In fast food, KFC/PizzaHut/TacoBell paid the least at 10%, a little worse than McDonalds at 14%. Burger King (19%) was near the middle. Starbucks paid 33%.

-- In processed food, Heinz (5.1%) paid the least, General Mills the most (25.7).

-- For office supplies, Office Max and Office Depot both lost money. Staples was profitable and paid a 25% tax.

-- For insurance, Geico (22.2%) and Allstate (26%) paid mid-level taxes, while Progressive paid 35%.

Interestingly, tech firms and retail stores were closely grouped in federal tax payment percentages, as if adapting to similar accounting protocols. Amazon, Intel, Cisco, Dell, Microsoft, and Google were all between 19-25%, with Apple falling a little farther from the tree at 16.3%. Wal-Mart, Costco, Target, JC Penney, Best Buy, and Kohl's were all between 24-32%.

Work continues on PayUpNow.org investigations, as new data is weighed, and as feedback helps to eliminate errors and discrepancies. We will also be reviewing statistics on executive compensation and job outsourcing.

Our ultimate goal is to realize product boycotts of the worst offenders. Hitting them in their 10-Ks will remind tax dodgers that their use of American research and infrastructure and transportation and security should be paid for through their taxes.

Corporate Tax Compliance Rankings (Click for Summary)

Industry	Company	5 yr Revenue	5 yr  Income	5 yr  Fed Tax	5 yr  Tax%	(boycott)
Beverage	Coca-Cola	150,998	45,146	2,941	6.5
Beverage	PepsiCo Inc.	218,932	37,976	5,183	13.6
Beverage	Dr Pepper Snapple	27,272	2,936	916	31.2
Cable TV	Dish Network	55,648	6,295	915	14.5
Cable TV	DirecTV	82,606	10,207	1,692	16.6
Cable TV	Comcast	163,977	23,211	5,222	22.5
Computers	Hewlett-Packard	554,893	47,230	1,392	2.9
Computers	IBM	489,468	82,382	2,688	3.3
Computers	Apple	188,942	47,379	7,706	16.3
Computers	Google	101,965	34,714	6,636	19.1
Computers	Microsoft	276,745	107,011	20,995	19.6
Computers	Dell Inc.	294,050	15,870	3,281	20.7
Computers	Cisco	179,103	44,457	9,324	21.0
Computers	Amazon	103,425	4,596	1,124	24.5
Computers	Intel	190,052	45,669	11,296	24.7
Drug &  Household	Eli Lilly	99,607	17,869	900	5.0	Prozac,  Cialis,  Ceclor
Drug &  Household	Merck & Co.	121,462	30,366	2,386	7.9	Claritin,  Coppertone, Solarcaine,  Dr. Scholl’s
Drug &  Household	Bristol-Myers  Squibb	90,408	21,720	1,743	8.0	Plavix
Drug &  Household	Colgate	72,247	14,470	1,615	11.2	Palmolive,  Irish Spring, Speedstick,  Ajax
Drug &  Household	Procter & Gamble	379,587	71,468	9,071	12.7	Tide, Crest,  Downy,   Bounty, Pampers, Head&Shoulders
Drug &  Household	Kimberly-Clark	93,289	11,578	1,475	12.7	Huggies, Kotex, Depend, Kleenex, Scott,  Viva
Drug &  Household	Johnson & Johnson	301,650	77,501	13,422	17.3	Band-Aid,  Tylenol,  Motrin, Neutrogena,  Carefree
Drug &  Household	Pfizer Inc.	262,903	52,249	10,894	20.9	Viagra,  Celebrex,  Lipitor
Fast Food	Wendys, Arbys	11,324	-608	-54
Fast Food	KFC, Pizza Hut,  Taco Bell	53,460	6,580	658	10.0
Fast Food	McDonalds	114,021	27,371	3,831	14.0
Fast Food	Burger King	11,775	1,164	221	19.0
Fast Food	Starbucks	48,061	4,413	1,460	33.1
Financial	Citigroup	383,307	-17,705	-5,099
Financial	PNC	48,478	14,479	1,213	8.4
Financial	Wells Fargo	211,384	64,576	5,690	8.8
Financial	Amer. Express	115,175	23,232	4,640	20.0
Financial	JPMorgan Chase	403,751	86,390	17,411	20.2
Financial	Bank of America	442,254	60,362	13,441	22.3
Food Processing	Heinz	48,034	5,656	288	5.1
Food Processing	Kraft Foods	197,843	16,930	1,874	11.1
Food Processing	Kellogg	60,477	8,076	1,300	16.1
Food Processing	Campbell	37,539	5,306	915	17.2
Food Processing	General Mills	67,291	9,165	2,359	25.7
Insurance	Prudential	78,532	13,828	-622
Insurance	BerkshireHathaway (Geico)	139,905	75,116	16,662	22.2
Insurance	Allstate	133,720	13,180	3,443	26.1
Insurance	Progressive	69,951	7,025	2,480	35.3
Med Supplies	Baxter	59,394	10,946	150	1.4
Med Supplies	McKesson Corp.	496,997	6,853	678	9.9
Med Supplies	Abbott Labs	143,847	25,506	3,917	15.4
Med Supplies	Medtronic	67,522	15,825	2,432	15.4
Med Supplies	AmerisourceBergen	337,449	4,049	1,043	25.8
Med Supplies	Cardinal Health	448,417	6,657	1,820	27.3
Office Equipt	Office Depot	68,809	-781	144
Office Equipt	Office Max	40,675	-1,379	24
Office Equipt	Staples	109,435	6,779	1,725	25.4
Petroleum	Exxon Mobil	1,886,999	309,009	11,216	3.6
Petroleum	Chevron Corp.	1,049,541	157,783	8,782	5.6
Petroleum	Marathon Oil	336,198	31,142	3,749	12.0
Petroleum	ConocoPhillips	980,994	78,077	13,389	17.1
Recreation	Royal Caribbean	30,551	2,518	-18
Recreation	Carnival Corp.	67,748	10,898	119	1.1
Retail Bldg Supp	Home Depot	361,832	27,967	8,530	30.5
Retail Bldg Supp	Lowe's	239,475	19,068	6,439	33.8
Retail Store	Macys	126,667	-345	1,070
Retail Store	Sears Holdings	237,858	4,713	264	5.6
Retail Store	Wal-Mart	1,953,254	105,649	25,185	23.8
Retail Store	J C Penney	93,564	5,409	1,299	24.0
Retail Store	Costco	343,901	9,252	2,231	24.1
Retail Store	Target	317,044	21,025	6,192	29.5
Retail Store	Best Buy	201,514	9,974	3,097	31.1
Retail Store	Kohl’s	84,029	8,311	2,640	31.8
Telecom.	Sprint Nextel	181,607	-39,145	193
Telecom.	Verizon	493,378	45,493	3,981	8.8
Telecom.	AT&T	552,219	61,269	13,561	22.1
Telecom.	US Cellular	18,672	1,503	524	34.9
Transport	FedEx	175,692	10,701	2,063	19.3
Transport	United Parcel	243,567	20,845	4,710	22.6